DNA testing  uses the genetic material or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) present in all cells of the body to determine the relationship between two or more individuals. All human beings are genetically different (with the exception of identical twins), but 50% identical to each of our biological parents. Thus, our DNA profile allows us to differentiate ourselves individually from the rest of the population and to establish kinship relationships with our biological relatives (parents, siblings, grandparents, etc.).

Yes, when there are incompatible alleles (alternative forms of the same gene) in any of the markers analyzed, it is possible to exclude that person as the biological parent.

No. When compatible alleles are present in all the markers analyzed, the probability that the person in question is the biological parent is calculated. The degree of certainty is never 100% for statistical reasons, but exceeds 99.9999% when both parents are involved.

Yes, the report with the test result will be delivered exclusively to the applicant at his home or at the address, he has given us.

The delivery time for results is 15 working days, although we also have an express service of 5 days.

GENOMICA has the necessary technology to analyse, with guaranteed results, any type of biological sample (blood, saliva, hair, sperm, blood stains, biopsies, bone remains, fingernails), or organic remains present in all types of clothing or objects (cigarette butts, pacifiers, chewing gum, socks, envelopes, brushes, glasses or cups). It is recommended that you consult us to optimize the analysis and results. We routinely use cells from the buccal epithelium as a routine sample, since it is very simple and completely painless to obtain.

No. All the cells of a person have exactly the same DNA, so the accuracy and reliability of the results is the same, regardless of the biological material used.

Yes, the sample of the parent who is not in doubt is not essential to be able to perform a test with the maximum guarantees, always reaching a probability greater than 99.99%. If both parents are tested, the probability obtained is higher but it is not essential.

The admissibility of the DNA test in the courts of justice is subject to a correct process of taking, identifying and sending the samples to the laboratories. In order for the samples to be identified, it is necessary to provide the ID cards or passports of the persons involved in the analysis. In the case of minors who do not have these documents, a recent photo should be provided.

Yes, at present it is not essential to have the express authorization of the other parent for these tests to have evidentiary capacity in the Spanish courts of justice. Due to the existing legal vacuum on this point, it is the judge himself who must accept or not the genetic report as evidence if one of the parents has not given his express consent.

The accuracy of biological kinship testing depends on how distant the relationship to be investigated is (the more distant, the lower the probability), the additional genetic information available (the more relatives analysed, the higher the probability) and the genetic markers analysed (the more markers, the higher the probability). Furthermore, in certain cases, it will be necessary to resort to the study of mitochondrial DNA and/or the Y chromosome in order to achieve sufficiently significant probabilities.

Theoretically, two individuals are needed to perform any type of kinship test (uncle-nephew, grandfather-grandson, etc.), however, in most cases, by analysing more people (the mother, another uncle, the grandmother, etc.) more genetic information is obtained, which has an impact on the statistical evaluation of the test.

Not if the siblings are univitelline (monozygotic) twins, commonly called twins, since they share the same genetic information, they are clones, so to speak, so it would not be possible to differentiate them by DNA testing. However, biviteline (dizygotic) twins, commonly called twins, do differ at the genetic level, as they are just as similar as two normal siblings are.

Yes, GENOMICA can obtain information about the genealogy of any person who requests it. For this purpose, a study of the individual’s mitochondrial DNA (maternal lineage) is performed and, in case the applicant is male, the Y chromosome (paternal lineage) can also be analysed.

Genetic fingerprinting is also called DNA testing or DNA analysis, and is the technique used to distinguish individuals from each other using samples of their DNA. Humans share the vast majority of their genetic material, so to distinguish two individuals we analyse the repetition of highly variable sequences called microsatellites. A person’s genetic fingerprint is unique and remains unchanged throughout a person’s life, so it serves to identify individuals much more reliably than a fingerprint.